This book looks at the interrelations between poverty and employment in Bolivia and Peru from a gender perspective and aims to facilitate the development of policies to reduce poverty and gender equity through employment. The first chapter analyses the development of poverty-reducing strategies in Latin America within the frame of the Millennium Goals. The author argues that such strategies have neglected the generation of employment as one of the decisive factors in poverty reduction. The second chapter describes the implementation of poverty-reducing strategies in Bolivia. The third chapter looks at Bolivia’s urban labour situation and points out at the gender gap in access to labour markets, the differential participation of men and women in different occupations, and the implications of the increased number of women in the labour market over the last 10 years. The final chapter studies the labour market in Peru in the light of political events of the last decade. It describes the changes in labour market dynamics, comparing trends in women and men’s labour market participation through linking poverty and inequality from a gender perspective.