Much development work has been based on gender stereotypes – for example the idea that farmers are men. In reaction, feminism has sometimes created counter stereotypes – such as that of the African woman farmer and her lazy husband. Such images have been hugely important in changing ideas about gender and channelling more resources to women. However, some such images have been exaggerated and put beyond question, resulting in ‘gender myths’. Gender myths are a powerful tool for positive change but also bring with them risks and dangers. This was the subject of a conference, held at the Institute of Development Studies, UK, in 2003. This special issue of the Gender and Development In Brief newsletter draws together highlights from the conference with the aim of thinking about how to move beyond simplistic stereotypes to better promote gender equality.