<p>This Evidence Report analyses the potential contribution of epidemic real-time monitoring (ERTM) initiatives to enhancing and augmenting disease surveillance systems in developing countries.</p>

<p>It gathers and synthesises existing evidence from literature on infectious diseases, case study evaluations and expert viewpoints about how a range of ERTM initiatives have been used for, and added value to, epidemic early warning and early response efforts. By drawing on a range of insights from academic literature, organisational evaluations and practitioner perspectives, the study aims to provide a rounded picture of the potential as well as the limitations of real-time data for epidemic disease responses.</p>

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