This publication focuses on scholarly discourses and policy challenges in China and Germany. Articles from The German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), also cover European perspectives while chapters from the Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (SIIS) extend to the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). The contributions demonstrate a surprising degree of convergence in German and Chinese analytical thinking but also point to substantive areas of disagreement.